pandoc

Pandoc Document Conversion Skill

Convert documents between formats using pandoc, the universal document converter.

Prerequisites

# Check if pandoc is installed
pandoc --version

# Install (Linux)
sudo apt install pandoc          # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo dnf install pandoc          # Fedora/RHEL

# Install (macOS, via Homebrew)
brew install pandoc

Common Conversions

Markdown to Word (.docx)

# Basic conversion
pandoc input.md -o output.docx

# With table of contents
pandoc input.md --toc -o output.docx

# With custom reference doc (for styling)
pandoc input.md --reference-doc=template.docx -o output.docx

# Standalone with metadata
pandoc input.md -s --metadata title="Document Title" -o output.docx

Markdown to PDF

# Requires LaTeX - install one of:
#   Linux (Debian/Ubuntu): sudo apt install texlive-latex-recommended texlive-xetex
#   Linux (Fedora/RHEL):   sudo dnf install texlive-scheme-basic texlive-xetex
#   macOS (Homebrew):      brew install --cask basictex      # Smaller (~100MB)
#                          brew install --cask mactex-no-gui # Full (~4GB)
# macOS only, after install: eval "$(/usr/libexec/path_helper)" or new terminal

# Basic conversion (uses pdflatex)
pandoc input.md -o output.pdf

# With table of contents and custom margins
pandoc input.md -s --toc --toc-depth=2 -V geometry:margin=1in -o output.pdf

# Using xelatex (better Unicode support - box drawings, arrows, etc.)
export PATH="/Library/TeX/texbin:$PATH"   # macOS only
pandoc input.md --pdf-engine=xelatex -V geometry:margin=1in -o output.pdf

PDF Engine Selection:

Engine	Use When
pdflatex	Default, ASCII content only
xelatex	Unicode characters (arrows, box-drawing, emojis)
lualatex	Complex typography, OpenType fonts

Markdown to HTML

Critical: Always use -f gfm (GitHub Flavored Markdown) for proper line break and list handling. Standard markdown collapses consecutive lines into paragraphs.

# RECOMMENDED: GitHub Flavored Markdown with full styling
pandoc -f gfm -s -H <(cat << 'STYLE'
<style>
body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;padding:2em;line-height:1.6}
h1{border-bottom:2px solid #333;padding-bottom:0.3em}
h2{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-bottom:0.2em;margin-top:1.5em}
h3{margin-top:1.2em}
ul,ol{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.5em;padding-left:1em}
ul{list-style-type:disc}ol{list-style-type:decimal}
li{margin:0.3em 0}ul ul,ol ul{list-style-type:circle;margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em}
table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:1em 0}
th,td{border:1px solid #ddd;padding:8px;text-align:left}
th{background-color:#f5f5f5}
code{background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px}
pre{background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:1em;overflow-x:auto;border-radius:5px}
blockquote{border-left:4px solid #ddd;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em;color:#666}
</style>
STYLE
) input.md -o output.html

# Quick version (minimal styling)
pandoc -f gfm -s input.md -o output.html

# With hard line breaks (newlines become <br>)
pandoc -f markdown+hard_line_breaks -s input.md -o output.html

# Self-contained (embeds images/CSS)
pandoc -f gfm -s --embed-resources --standalone input.md -o output.html

Format Options:

Option	Use When
-f gfm	Default choice - handles lists, line breaks, tables correctly
-f markdown+hard_line_breaks	Force all newlines to become <br>
-f commonmark	Strict CommonMark compliance

HTML for Print-to-PDF (No LaTeX Required)

When LaTeX isn't available, create styled HTML and print to PDF from browser:

# Create inline CSS file
cat > /tmp/print-style.css << 'EOF'
body { font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
       max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2em; line-height: 1.6; }
h1 { border-bottom: 2px solid #333; padding-bottom: 0.3em; }
h2 { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding-bottom: 0.2em; margin-top: 1.5em; }
h3 { margin-top: 1.2em; }
/* Lists - critical for proper rendering */
ul, ol { margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1.5em; padding-left: 1em; }
ul { list-style-type: disc; }
ol { list-style-type: decimal; }
li { margin: 0.3em 0; }
ul ul, ol ul { list-style-type: circle; margin: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; }
ul ol, ol ol { margin: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; }
ul ul ul, ol ul ul { list-style-type: square; }
/* Tables */
table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 1em 0; }
th, td { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }
th { background-color: #f5f5f5; }
/* Code */
code { background-color: #f4f4f4; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 3px; }
pre { background-color: #f4f4f4; padding: 1em; overflow-x: auto; border-radius: 5px; }
/* Other */
blockquote { border-left: 4px solid #ddd; margin: 1em 0; padding-left: 1em; color: #666; }
@media print { body { max-width: none; } }
EOF

# Convert with embedded styles (ALWAYS use -f gfm)
pandoc -f gfm input.md -s --toc --toc-depth=2 -c /tmp/print-style.css --embed-resources --standalone -o output.html

# Open and print to PDF (Ctrl+P / Cmd+P > Save as PDF)
xdg-open output.html   # Linux
open output.html       # macOS

Word to Markdown

# Extract markdown from docx
pandoc input.docx -o output.md

# With ATX-style headers
pandoc input.docx --atx-headers -o output.md

Useful Options

Option	Description
-s / --standalone	Produce standalone document with header/footer
--toc	Generate table of contents
--toc-depth=N	TOC depth (default: 3)
-V key=value	Set template variable
--metadata key=value	Set metadata field
--reference-doc=FILE	Use FILE for styling (docx/odt)
--template=FILE	Use custom template
--highlight-style=STYLE	Syntax highlighting (pygments, tango, etc.)
--number-sections	Number section headings
-f FORMAT	Input format (if not auto-detected)
-t FORMAT	Output format (if not auto-detected)

Format Identifiers

Format	Identifier
Markdown	markdown, gfm (GitHub), commonmark
Word	docx
PDF	pdf
HTML	html, html5
LaTeX	latex
RST	rst
EPUB	epub
ODT	odt
RTF	rtf

Google Docs Workflow

To get markdown into Google Docs with formatting preserved:

# 1. Convert to docx
pandoc document.md -o document.docx

# 2. Upload to Google Drive
# 3. Right-click > Open with > Google Docs

Google Docs imports .docx files well and preserves:

• Headings
• Bold/italic
• Lists (bulleted and numbered)
• Tables
• Links
• Code blocks (as monospace)

PSI Document Conversion

For PSI documents with tables and complex formatting:

# Convert PSI markdown to Word
pandoc PSI-document.md \
  --standalone \
  --toc \
  --toc-depth=2 \
  -o PSI-document.docx

# Open for review
xdg-open PSI-document.docx   # Linux
open PSI-document.docx       # macOS

Troubleshooting

Lists/Lines Running Together (HTML)

If bullet points, numbered lists, or consecutive lines merge into one paragraph:

Cause: Standard markdown treats consecutive lines as one paragraph. Lists need blank lines before them.

Fix: Use GitHub Flavored Markdown (-f gfm):

# Always use -f gfm for reliable formatting
pandoc -f gfm -s input.md -o output.html

# For documents where newlines should be <br> tags
pandoc -f markdown+hard_line_breaks -s input.md -o output.html

Why this happens:

• Standard markdown: Line 1\nLine 2 → <p>Line 1 Line 2</p> (merged)
• GFM: Better list detection, handles edge cases
• +hard_line_breaks: Line 1\nLine 2 → Line 1<br>Line 2 (preserved)

Tables Not Rendering

Pandoc requires proper markdown table syntax:

| Header 1 | Header 2 |
|----------|----------|
| Cell 1   | Cell 2   |

Code Blocks Missing Highlighting

Use fenced code blocks with language identifier:

```python
def example():
    pass
```

PDF Generation Fails

"pdflatex not found" - Install LaTeX:

# Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
sudo apt install texlive-latex-recommended texlive-xetex

# Linux (Fedora/RHEL)
sudo dnf install texlive-scheme-basic texlive-xetex

# macOS - smaller option (~100MB)
brew install --cask basictex

# macOS - full option (~4GB)
brew install --cask mactex-no-gui

# macOS only - after install, update PATH
eval "$(/usr/libexec/path_helper)"
# Or open a new terminal

Unicode character errors (box-drawing, arrows, emojis):

# Use xelatex instead of pdflatex
export PATH="/Library/TeX/texbin:$PATH"   # macOS only
pandoc input.md --pdf-engine=xelatex -o output.pdf

No LaTeX available - Use HTML print-to-PDF workflow:

pandoc input.md -s --toc -o output.html
xdg-open output.html   # Linux
open output.html       # macOS
# Then Ctrl+P / Cmd+P > Save as PDF

Self-Test

# Verify pandoc installation
pandoc --version | head -1

# Test basic conversion
printf '# Test\n\nHello **world**\n' | pandoc -f markdown -t html